The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Salvia officinalis on the Uterine Natural Killer Cells Population at Day 7 of Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy is one of the changer agents for defensive cells, however it is unknown the effect of the ethanolic extract of the Salvia officinalis on the uterine Natural Killer cells population in the pregnant mice that needs to be investigated. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extract of the Salvia officinalis on the uterine Natural Killer cells population. Methods: 10 female mice divided into two groups [control and test group]. Mice in the control group mated with fertile male mice and mice in the test group received 100 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract of the Salvia officinalis once a day for 14 days, then mated with the fertile male mice. Mice in each group were examined at day 7 of pregnancy for ovarian hormones and evaluation of uterine Natural Killer cells. Results: Uterine Natural Killer cells population significantly decreased in the test group compare to the control group [p<0.05]. Ovarian hormone levels [17- estradiol and progesterone] were significantly increased in the test group comparison with the control group [p<0.05]. Conclusion: It is concluded that decline in uterine Natural Killer cells population after treatment with the ethanolic extract of the Salvia officinalis could be due to hormonal changes that may be affect the implantation and embryo development

[Investigation of resonance effect caused by local exposure of extremely low frequency magnetic field on brain signals: a randomize clinical trial]

Some studies have investigated the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields [ELF-MFs] on brain signals, but only few of them have reported that humans exposed to magnetic fields exhibit changes in brain signals at the frequency of stimulation, i.e. resonance effect. In most investigations, researchers usually take advantage of a uniform field which encompasses the head. The aim of present study was to expose different parts of the brain to ELF-MFs locally and to investigate variation of brain signal and resonance effect. The subjects consisting of 19 male-students with the mean age of 25.6 +/- 1.6 years participated in this study. Local ELF-MFs with 3, 5, 10, 17 and 45Hz frequencies and 240 microT intensity was applied on five points [T3, T4, Cz, F3 and F4] of participants scalp Separately in 10-20 system. In the end, relative power over this points in common frequency bands and at the frequency of magnetic fields was evaluated by paired t-test. Exposure of Central area by local magnetic field caused significant change [p<0.05] in the forehead alpha band. Reduction in the alpha band over central area was observed when temporal area was exposed to ELF MF. The results showed that resonance effect in the brain signals caused by local magnetic field exposure was not observed and change in every part of the relative power spectrum might occur. The changes in the EEG bands were not limited necessarily to the exposure point

[Systemic manifestations and oral findings in hypophosphatasia: a case report]

Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited disorder characterized by deficient activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase [found in the bone, liver and kidney] which leads to abnormal bone and tooth mineralization. The symptoms are highly variable in their clinical manifestation, ranging from stillbirth without mineralized bone to early loss of primary teeth without bone symptoms. The diagnosis is based on low levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and increased serum or urine concentrations of phosphoethanolamine, pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate and inorganic pyrophosphate. Six clinical forms of Hypophosphatasia are currently recognized: prenatal [lethal], prenatal benign, infantile, childhood, adult and odontohypophosphatasia. A 27-month-old girl was referred to the Paediatric Dentistry Department of Shiraz Dental School with chief complaint of spontaneous loosening and shedding of anterior deciduous teeth. In clinical examination, it was noticed that, teeth number 61, 62, 71, 72 and 81 were absent. There was no sign of gingival inflammation. According to the height and weight curves, growth of patient was below the normal rate. About 1 year delay in the date of her standing or walking capability was recorded in the patient's medical history. Also there was a history of foot pain and early fatigue. CBC, serum alkaline phosphatase and urine phosphoethanolamine tests were requested for the patient. Results showed decreased serum alkaline phosphatase and increased urine phosphoethanolamine. In histological survey of exfoliated teeth, the absence of cementum on root surfaces was detected. Also, the patient's physician reported skeletal deformities and defective mineralization in her hands and feet

Immunosuppressive principles from Achillea talagonica, an endemic species of Iran

Achillea talagonica Boiss. [Asteraceae] grows in the western and central parts of Iran. This plant has long been used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of rheumatic pain. Previously, the immunosuppressive activity of the aqueous extract of this endemic plant in experimental animals was reported. In this research, isolation of the main immunologically active components of A. talagonica, which were effective on humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice is elucidated. In order to find the main immunosuppressive components of A. talagonica, methanol and methanol-water [80% and 50% v:v] extracts were injected to BALB/c mice and the hemagglutinating antibody titer was assayed after immunization with SRBC [sheep red blood cells]. Guided by this assay, active principles were separated by chromatographic methods. Isolated compounds were identified as caffeic acid 9-O-glucoside [1], quercetin [2], luteolin [3], 3'-methoxy luteolin [4], proline [5] and choline [6] by comparison of their spectral data with those of reported in literatures. Immunosuppressive property of choline [5 mgkg-1] was comparable to those of prednisolone [10 mgkg-1]; although, quercetin [20 mgkg-1] and caffeoyl glucoside [20 mgkg-1] decreased anti-SRBC titer in comparison with control groups. Immunosuppressive effects of A. talagonica are due to some components belonging to betaine, flavonol and phenoilc esters

[Effects of leaf and plant extract of Artemisia annua on coccidiosis in broiler chicken]

To study anticoccidial effects of leaf and plant extract of Artemisia annua on coccidiosis in broiler chicken compare to salinomycin and amprolium. Experimental study. One hundred and ninety two Hubbard roosters. One hundred and ninety two 21 days old roosters were categorized into 6 drug groups as follows: Amprolum [120ppm, n=8], salinomycin [60 ppm, n=8] leaf powder [2.5%, n=8], ether petroleum extract [1950ppm, n=8], fraction with maximum artemisinin [142ppm, n=8] and control [n=8]. Drug classes include 1- Amprolum [120 ppm], 3- leaves 2.5%, 4-either petroleum extract [1950 ppm, n=8], 5-fraction with maximum of artemisinin [142 ppm, n=8]. In each class there was 4 different subclasses: Eimeria tenella, Eimeria maxima, eimeria accervolina and uninfected ones. After infection, lesion scores, body weight gains and oocyst extractions were investigated at the first week. Analysis was done with MSTATC software. Significant difference among means were determined by Duncan's multiple range tests. In all experimental groups drugs significantly reduced the number of oocysts per chicken fece per day. Moreover, treated groups showed similar weight gain which was significantly higher than the untreated ones [P<0.05]. The data of body weight gain, lesion scores and oocyst extraction indicated that either petroleum extract of Artemisia annua or fraction with maximum artemisinin were the most effective. Of course, the extract is cost benefit compare to fraction

[ comparison of liquid diet starting 6 and 12 hours after cesarean delivery]

Background and Objective: one of the post-operational problems in the cesarean-section is ileus symptoms and the starting point of taking the liquid diet. Some controversy are about this procedures. This study was done to evaluate the rate of ileus symptoms of women who are offered oral hydration shortly after cesarean delivery

Materials and Methods: this study involved 276 women delivered by cesarean under general anesthesia that had no previous cesarean or laparotomy and indisposing and their operations had not been exceeded 90 minutes. For these patients a liquid diet for every other day, partly 6 hours and others 12 hours after operation was started. The patients were examined at the time of starting diet and 6 hours later for bowel sound, nausea or vomiting, abdominal distention and gas passage. 138 women were assigned to each procedure

Results: nausea or vomiting cases in the early fed group, were more than 12 hourly diets [2.2% versus no case] and [12.3% versus 10.9%] but the difference was not statistically significant. The bowel sound in the early fed group were less than 12 hourly starting the diets, [15.2% versus 12.3%] the difference was not statistically significant. The 6 hourly starting of liquid diet had a significant effect in speeding up bowel movements [P<0.05]

Conclusion: early oral hydration after cesarean was well tolerated and it was associated with rapid return of propulsive bowel movements, so to do, this results in better reply to the physiologic request of the patients